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Basic Chakras

The following table sets forth some of the concepts associated with each chakra:

Chakra	Color	Primary Functions	Associated Element
Root muladhara,	red	instinct, survival, security	earth
Sacrum (Hara) svadhi hana,	orange	emotion, sexual energy, creativity	water
Solar plexus ma ipura,	yellow	mental functioning, power, control, freedom to be oneself, career	fire
Heart/Lung anahata,	emerald green or pink	devotion, love, compassion, healing	air
Throat visuddha,	blue	speech, self-expression	life
Third eye ajña,	indigo	intuition, Extra-sensory perception	time
Crown (just above the head) sahasrara,	violet; may assume color of dominant chakra	connection to the divine	space

For a discussion on chakra petals see Petal (chakra)

Additionally, there is a transpersonal chakra above the crown chakra. There are also many minor chakras, for example between the major chakras.

Origins and Development

The earliest known mention of chakras is found in the later Upanishads, including specifically the Brahma Upanishad and the Yogatattva Upanishad. These vedic models were adapted in Tibetan Buddhism as Vajrayana theory, and in the Tantric Shakta theory of chakras.

It is the shakta theory of 7 main chakras that most people in the West adhere to, either knowingly or unknowingly, largely thanks to a translation of two indian texts, the Sat-Cakra-Nirupana , and the Padaka-Pancaka , by Sir John Woodroffe, alias Arthur Avalon, in a book entitled The Serpent Power .

This book is extremely detailed and complex, and later the ideas were developed into what is predominant western view of the Chakras by the Theosophists, and largely the controversial (in theosophical circles) C. W. Leadbeater in his book The Chakras , which are in large part his own meditations and insights on the matter.

That said, many present-day Indian gurus that incorporate chakras within their systems of philosophy do not seem to radically disagree with the western view of chakras, at least on the key points, and both these eastern and western views have developed from the Shakta Tantra school.

There are various other models of chakras in other traditions, notably in Chinese medicine, and also in Tibetan Buddhism. Even in Jewish kabbalah, the different Sephiroth are sometimes associated with parts of the body. In Islamic Sufism , Lataif-e-Sitta ( Six Subtleties ) are considered as psychospiritual "organs" or faculties of sensory and suprasensory perception , activation of which makes a man complete . Attempts are made to try and reconcile the systems with each other, and notably there are some successes, even between such diverged traditions as Shakta Tantra , Sufism and Kabbalism, where chakras , lataif and Sephiroth can seemingly represent the same archetypal spiritual concepts. In Surat Shabda Yoga, initiation by an Outer Living Satguru (Sat - true, Guru - teacher) is required and involves reconnecting soul to the Shabda and stationing the Inner Shabda Master (the Radiant Form of the Master) at the third eye chakra.

Chakras and the endocrine system

Parallels have often been drawn, by supporters of the existence of chakras, between the positions and functions of the chakras, and of the various organs of the endocrine system.

Image:Illu_endocrine_system.jpg

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